POLITICAL MESSIANISM AND DEMOCRATIC TOTALITARISM: A STUDY ON THE LEGACY OF JACOB LEIB TALMON FOR THE CONSERVATION OF FREEDOM
Abstract
This article deals with the legacy of Jacob Leib Talmon based on the study of the book “The origins of democratic totalitarianism”. Initially published in 1952, the work is considered a classic and a source of the most relevant studies on democracy and totalitarianism, especially for highlighting the origins of political messianism in the 18th century in pre-revolutionary France, until the unleashing of the ideas of the main ideologues of the Revolution, especially Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In an innovative way when it was published, the work object of the present study reveals Talmon's warnings about the use of typically democratic concepts - such as will, equality, rationality, civic virtue, among others - as a substrate of totalitarianism, in which the citizen was forced to abdicate individuality, opposition and critical sense in favor of a common good. Through deductive analysis and bibliographical research, under a particularly jus-philosophical approach, combined with the Theory of the Constitution, the objective is to find out how totalitarian ideas exclude from the debate those who do not submit to their artificially established parameters.
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